Abstract
The edible mushroom industry has grown significantly in recent years due to the dietary change and the demand for heathy food. However, the spent mushroom compost (SMC) will be produced in large quantities after the harvest, thus forming an agricultural waste requiring proper management other than dumping or burning. In this work, two types of SMCs with the cultivation of shiitake fungus (SF) and black fungus (BF) were converted into porous biochar products (a series of SMC-SF-BC and SMC-BF-BC) at higher pyrolysis temperatures (i.e., 400, 600 and 800 °C) based on their thermochemical characteristics, using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pore and chemical properties of the resulting products, including surface area, pore volume, average pore size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were studied to correlate them with the most important process parameter. The results showed that the pore properties of the biochar products indicated a significant increase with the increase in the pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 600 °C. The data on the maximal Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area for the biochar products produced at 800 °C (i.e., SMC-SF-BC-800 and SMC-BF-BC-800) were found to be 312.5 and 280.9 m2/g, respectively. Based on the EDS and FTIR, plenty of oxygen-containing functional groups were found on the surface of the resulting biochar products.
Highlights
The global production of edible mushrooms has grown more and more significant in recent years as a result of the product being recognized as a healthy and organic food [1].Most of the mushroom cultivation used compost as a substrate, which is comprised of lignocellulosic components like rice straw, corncob, saw dust and wood chips [2]
The thermochemical characteristics of biomass greatly influence the performance of a pyrolysis system for producing biochar with different pore structures [8]
Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides may be emitted from the combustion of spent mushroom compost (SMC) without control system installed
Summary
The global production of edible mushrooms has grown more and more significant in recent years as a result of the product being recognized as a healthy and organic food [1]. Due to its porous and chemical properties, biochar can be used to improve the mass (e.g., crop or wood and residues) at the proper conditions an oxygen-limited environmental quality agricultural soils inpyrolysis several aspects [9]. Due to its porous and chemical properties, biochar can be used to improve may be carbon-negative, sequestrating the release of carbon dioxide into the atmothe environmental quality and agricultural soils in several aspects [9].SMC. It was reported that the pore properties of can conserve nutrients in soils [23], mitigate the emissions of greenhouse gases biomass-based biochar products were highly dependent on the pyrolysis temperature [24,25], and be produced to biomass fuels [26].at.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
