Abstract
Purification is a primary application of zone melting, in which the improvement of efficiency, production yield and minimum achievable impurity level are always the research focus due to the increasing demand for high purity metals. This paper has systematically outlined the whole development of related research on zone refining of metals including basic theories, variants of zone refining, parametric optimization, numerical models, and high purity analytical methods. The collection of this information could be of good value to improve the refining efficiency and the production of high purity metals by zone refining.
Highlights
High purity (99.999% (5N) or more) metals play a key role in current high-tech industrial field, such as special electronics, integrate circuits, photovoltaic systems, optical elements, chemical applications, etc., as in these areas even low concentrations of impurities could completely deactivate the desirable function
Purification is a primary application of zone melting, in which the improvement of efficiency, production yield and minimum achievable impurity level are always the research focus due to the increasing demand for high purity metals
This paper has systematically outlined the whole development of related research on zone refining of metals including basic theories, variants of zone refining, parametric optimization, numerical models, and high purity analytical methods
Summary
High purity (99.999% (5N) or more) metals play a key role in current high-tech industrial field, such as special electronics, integrate circuits, photovoltaic systems, optical elements, chemical applications, etc., as in these areas even low concentrations of impurities could completely deactivate the desirable function. To fulfill the need of high purity or electronics-grade materials, a number of methodologies have been investigated including precipitation, crystallization, electrolysis, vacuum distillation, solvent extraction and zone melting, etc. A large amount of theories and experience has been generated while producing high purity metals, such as Germanium [17] [18], Tellurium [19] [20], Cadmium [7] [21], Aluminium [22] [23], etc. These include basic mechanism clarification, modification of zone refining set-up, optimization of operation parameters, and numerical simulation, etc. The main task in this paper is systematically outlining the whole development of related research on zone refining of metals including basic theories, variants of zone refining technology, parametric optimization, simulation models, and high purity analytical methods, in order to provide an updated reference to the ongoing research of zone refining of metals
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