Abstract
High power microwave tubes are devices which generate or amplify electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of 0.3GHz to 300GHz (microwave and millimeter wave frequencies) at high peak and high average power level. Among the various kinds of microwave tubes, gyrotrons are the most well known devices which used for amplification and generation of energy at high power levels especially for ECRH which has become a well established heating method for both Tokamaks and Stellarators. The gyrotron operates by transfer of energy from an electron beam to an RF wave, but a fast wave, using relativity, which can reach high frequencies, and working with inhomogeneous fields. The electron gun, immersed in a strong magnetic field, allows to obtaining an electron beam of high density and because these electrons are bunched in phase due to relativistic effects, the radiation is coherent. The wave is generated in a specially designed interaction cavity (resonator) which can sustain oscillations on the desired frequency. In this case we can obtain waves of high frequencies and high powers.
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