Production of geopolymer composites enhanced by nano-kaolin material

Mahmoud M Hassaan,Hisham M Khater,Medhat S El-Mahllawy,Abdeen M El Nagar

doi:10.1007/s40145-015-0156-y

Mahmoud M Hassaan, Hisham M Khater + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-015-0156-y

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Abstract

Nowadays kaolin raw material is usually used to produce nano-kaolin for geopolymer enhancement by using firing method. In the present study, kaolin used was taken from the Naqus Formation (Cambro-Ordovician age), west of Gabal El Gunna, Sinai, Egypt. Nano-kaolin material is an ultrafine material and was prepared from the taken kaolin by the firing process at 800 for 2 ℃ h with a heating rate of 5 /min. Six mixes were prepared and their laboratory specimens were made ℃ and cured up to 90 days. Water cooled slag was used as starting material, and sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used in the study as activators for the used kaolin. The formed geopolymer mixes with different ratios (1%, 1.5%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) of nano-kaolin as a partial replacement for the raw kaolin were investigated. Gelenium Ace super plasticizer was added in the ratio of 4% from the dry weight to ensure good dispersing of the used nano clay. Results showed that increasing the percentage of nano-kaolin up to 3% results in an enhancement in the mechanical properties as compared with the control mix up to 90 days of curing, while higher ratios are not preferable where they lead to agglomeration of the added nano materials and matrix dilution.

Highlights

Geopolymers are inorganic polymeric materials, first developed by Joseph Davidovits in the 1970s
Geopolymers can be thought as a new generation binder that can be substituted for the calcium silicate hydrate which is an essential component of Portland www.springer.com/journal/40145
The results showed that increasing the percentage of nano clay up to 1% leads to an enhancement in the mechanical properties as compared with the control mix up to 90 days, while higher ratios lead to matrix dilution

Summary

Introduction

Geopolymers are inorganic polymeric materials, first developed by Joseph Davidovits in the 1970s. Geopolymers can be thought as a new generation binder that can be substituted for the calcium silicate hydrate which is an essential component of Portland www.springer.com/journal/40145. Environmental preservation has become a driving force behind the search for new sustainable and environmentally friendly composites to replace conventional concrete produced from the OPC. It has been established that the main product of slag hydration is essentially the same as the principal product formed when PC hydrates [7,8], i.e., calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). The main factors known to influence the hydraulic activity of slag cement include chemical composition, glass content, fineness, activator content, curing temperature, and water to cementitious material ratio [9]. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) has been used for decades as partial replacement material in concrete and has well established standards describing their use [10,11,12,13]

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