Abstract
In this present work, fungal nanochitosans, with very interesting particle size distribution of 22 µm, were efficiently generated in high-yield production using a high-pressure water jet system (Star Burst System, Sugino, Japan) after 10 passes of mechanical treatment under high pressure. The specific characterization of fungal chitosan nanofibers suspensions in water revealed a high viscosity of 1450 mPa.s and an estimated transparency of 43.5% after 10 passes of fibrillation mechanical treatment. The mechanical characterization of fungal nanochitosan (NC) film are very interesting for medical applications with a Young’s modulus (E), a tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (e%) estimated at 2950 MPa, 50.5 MPa, and 5.5%, respectively. Furthermore, we exhibited that the fungal nanochitosan (NC) film presented very good long-term antioxidant effect (reached 82.4% after 96 h of contact with DPPH radical solution) and very interesting antimicrobial activity when the nanochitosan (NC) fibers are mainly activated as NC-NH3+ form at the surface of the film with 45% reduction and 75% reduction observed for S. aureus (Gram-positive) and E. coli (Gram-negative), respectively, after 6 h of treatment. These promising antimicrobial and antioxidant activities indicated the high potential of valorization toward biomedical applications.
Highlights
Chitosan (CS) is a natural cationic polysaccharide composed of glucosamine andN-acetyl glucosamine linked by β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds
We investigated the main essential biological properties looking for medical applications such as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties which are very important to prevent bacterial infection [2,7,8,11,13,22,23]
We developed a promising industrial low-cost process using a high-pressure water jet system (Star Burst System) allowing one to produce very homogenous nanochitosan fibers morphology essential for medical applications [2,7,8,11]
Summary
N-acetyl glucosamine linked by β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds. The story of chitin began with the discovery of a French scientist in 1811, but later described as a natural poly-β-(1-4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine [1,2]. The chemical structure of native chitin leads to have an insoluble behavior of chitin in water or in other common organic solvents. To overcome this drawback, chitin can be efficiently transformed into chitosan by a hot alkaline treatment [1,2]. Chitosan has a pKa of 6.2 [1,3] This behavior allows chitosan to have more industrial applications than chitin. Most of CS world production comes from marine resources (shrimp cells, squid pens, lobsters, and other crustaceans)
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