Abstract
This study investigated the effects of various culture conditions on the growth and the production of flavonoids and terpene lactones in the callus of Ginkgo biloba . Callus induced from embryos displayed distinct morphological and physiological responses. MS medium with different plant growth regulators showed a significant effect on the quality and growth of callus. The optimal medium for inducing embryo-derived callus was MS with 2.0 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and the culture medium MS+NAA (2.0 mg/L)+6-BA (1.0 mg/L) was better for the subculture of callus than other culture media tested in this study. In addition, both plant growth regulators and subculturing cycle strongly influenced the production of flavonoids and terpene lactones in the callus. The best subculturing cycle and the optimum culture medium for production of flavonoids and terpene lactones was 30 d and MS+NAA (2.0 mg/L)+6-BA (1.0 mg/L), respectively. These findings provided an important technical support for obtaining the callus cell line from G. biloba embryo that is the richest in flavonoids and terpene lactones.
Highlights
Ginkgo biloba L., called maidenhair tree, is a deciduous gymnosperm that is valued in China
The callus induced in culture medium B3 (MS + naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 2.0 mg/L + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L) had the highest efficiency, maximum growth increment, greatest quantity, and best effect of yellow green and granulation with significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) than those from other culture media
Comparison of the induction of the Gingko callus in each culture medium showed that the growth indices of the callus was better in the culture medium composed of MS+NAA 2.0 mg/L + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L than in the other culture media
Summary
Ginkgo biloba L., called maidenhair tree, is a deciduous gymnosperm that is valued in China. G. biloba has great ornamental and medicinal value. The Ginkgo extract EGB761 contains two important active pharmaceutical components, flavonoids and terpene lactones (Van Beek and Montoro, 2009), which can promote blood circulation and cerebral metabolism. These compounds make EGB761 as an effective treatment for cerebrovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease and high blood pressure (Mahadevan and Park, 2008; Lu et al, 2011; Nakanishi, 2005). Industrialized production of flavonoids and terpene lactones through tissue culture is a significant direction in the study of Ginkgo (Sun et al, 2011)
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