Abstract
High-purity intermetallic β-Ti (FeTi4) and FeTi alloys were prepared via molten salt electrolysis from a titanium-containing waste slag and Fe2O3 mixture using molten CaCl2 salt as the electrolyte. The mixed slag powders were pressed into a pellet that served as a cathode, while a graphite rod served as an anode. The electrochemical process was conducted at 900 °C with a cell voltage of 3.1 V under an inert atmosphere. The formation process of the alloys and the influence of the Ti:Fe atomic ratio on the product were investigated. With an increased proportion of Ti, the phase of the product changed from FeTi/Fe2Ti to FeTi/FeTi4, and different structures were observed. At a Ti:Fe ratio of 1.2:1 in the raw slag, an alloy with a sponge-like morphology and a small amount of FeTi4 were obtained. During the initial stages of electrolysis, a large amount of intermediate product (CaTiO3) was formed, accompanied by an abrupt decrease in current and increase in particle size. The current then increased and Fe2Ti alloy was gradually formed. Finally, as the reaction process extended inside the pellet, the current remained stable and the product mainly contained FeTi and FeTi4 phases. The observed stages, i.e., CaTiO3(TiO2) → Fe2Ti(Ti) → FeTi(FeTi4), were consistent with the thermodynamic analysis.
Highlights
Ferrotitanium alloys are well-known hydrogen storage materials [1,2] that can be produced by various processes, such as the carbothermic or metallothermic reduction of oxide ores or concentrates.In carbothermic reductions, carbon in the form of coke, coal, or charcoal is used as a reducing agent.In metallothermic reductions, the main reducing agent is aluminum
We proved that impurities, suchprocess, as the Ca, Al, and compounds, comprising titanium-containing waste residue were reduced to their corresponding elements, and most of the impurities were removed we proved that impurities, such as the Ca, Al, and Si compounds, comprising the titanium-containing as molten salts
As the electrolysis progressed (1–3 h), TiO2 was reduced to Ti or low-valence oxides; the intermediate product CaTiO3 gradually transformed to Fe2 Ti and FeTi, which led to a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the bulk pores
Summary
Ferrotitanium alloys are well-known hydrogen storage materials [1,2] that can be produced by various processes, such as the carbothermic or metallothermic reduction of oxide ores or concentrates. Several studies on the synthesis of Fe–Ti alloy tungsten, have niobium, been conducted by the FFC successfully applied to the preparation of titanium, tantalum, and other metals process. 3 to produce produced alloys generally contained porous structures with numerous carbon impurities, and no alloys containing intermetallic Fe–Ti phases, such as FeTi and Fe2 Ti, by the FFC process. [10]impurities, prepared aand dense the produced alloys generally contained structures with numerous no highly purified intermetallic solid of β-Ti It is desirable to use the titanium-bearing slag as a raw material to produce Fe–Ti alloy if salt the electrolysis. The purpose purpose of of this this study study is is to to produce produce aa Fe–Ti. The impuritiesby bythe theelectrochemical electrochemicalreduction reduction titanium-containing waste slag, which realized impurities ofof titanium-containing waste slag, which waswas realized via via FFC the method.
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