Abstract
The research presents experimental results concerning the charge composition development for ceramics, used for cladding facades and basements of buildings and structures. The given composition is suggested to be based on the low plasticity clay as a basic component, which cannot be used to produce crackless, durable and frost resistant ceramics without introducing functional additives. The following functional additives were applied in the conducted experiments: boric acid, used as a fuse for the reduction of liquid phase sintering temperature and the increase of vitreous phase amount; various empties cullet, used as a fluxing and strengthening additive, which is the source of vitreous phase, forming the rigid frame of interconnected ceramic particles through a layer of vitreous phase. The research experiments stated that the highest compressive strength and frost resistance and the least water absorption can be achieved when 30 wt. % of colorless empties cullet and 2,5 wt.% of boric acid are introduced into the charge. Besides the research demonstrates the results of determining the dependence of bending strength, density, thermal conductivity, open and total porosity. The developed charge composition on the one hand stipulates the solution environmental and technical-economic problems of natural resources rational use and waste management, and on the other hand allows producing high quality facing ceramic products at a reduced cost and using low demand resources.
Highlights
Nowadays modern industry adheres and develops the tendency of using secondary resources in the production of various materials and products
The first experimental stage was devoted to the study of the impact of various empties cullet on the compression strength and water absorption, which are the basic properties for construction ceramics
The the cullet amounts from 20 to 30 wt.% insignificant compression strength and water absorption decrease occur, and at further amount increase over 30 wt.% the compression strength is gradually decreasing. Such effect can be explained by the vitreous phase layers thickening between ceramic particles, and material compression strength becomes mostly dependent on vitreous phase properties, which are characterised by lower strength [2], connected with the defects of vitreos phase
Summary
Nowadays modern industry adheres and develops the tendency of using secondary resources in the production of various materials and products. Secondary resources are widely used at large-scale production facilities, where products do not require high quality basic operational properties. Secondary resources application for the production processes is explained by the 2 groups of reasons. Secondary resources are widely used in the construction industry as fillers and various additives for the production of materials and products. Such prevalence is associated with the possibility of recycling large amounts of waste in the relatively simple technological processes. The most advanced technologies use waste and secondary resources, obtained from it, for the partial replacement of primary raw materials, and as functional additives, influencing the materials and products structure and properties, improving their quality and expanding their application
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