Abstract
The wood-decay fungi are able to bioconvert a wide variety of lignocellulosic residues due to the secretion of extracellular enzymes. The use of agricultural wastes as substrate for mushroom cultivation or enzymes production can help to solve environmental problems caused by inadequate discharge in the nature. The production of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes by Pleurotus pulmonarius developed in solid state system using orange waste as substrate was evaluated in this work. Among the hydrolytic enzymes, pectinase was the main enzyme produced by the fungus, presenting the highest enzymatic activity of 9.4 U/mL after 35 days of cultivation. Considering the oxidative enzymes, laccase was the main enzyme produced with maximal activity of 12.2 U/mL obtained after 20 days of cultivation. Low enzyme levels of manganese peroxidase, β-glucosidase and β-xy-losidase were detected with activity peaks at the end of the cultivation. The enzymatic levels of amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase were similar and less than 1.5 U/mL. No aryl-alcohol oxidase activity was detected. NDF, ADF and cellulose values increased during 45 days of cultivation. There was no lignin degradation during the study period and the fungus culture in orange solid waste caused protein enrichment in the substrate. Our results demonstrate that P. pulmonarius was an efficient producer of two important industrial enzymes, pectinase and laccase in a cheap solid state system using orange waste as substrate.
Highlights
The orange fruit is one of the widely produced and consumed fruits in the world
The lignocellulolytic basidiomycetes are important decomposers, and the main organisms responsible for recycling carbon in the ecosystems. They degrade the wood components, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into low molecular weight components that can be assimilated for their growing and reproduction [3]. This capability is due to system consisted of lignocellulolytic enzymes, such as β-glucosidase, cellulase, xylanase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase among others [4]-[6]
The isolate of P. pulmonarius CCB20 was selected for the present study due to its capability to grow in orange residue
Summary
The orange fruit is one of the widely produced and consumed fruits in the world. Its production exceeds 80 million tons a year. Around 34% of orange production is usually made into juice, in countries where orange is widely produced (Brazil and the United States) this number rises to 96%, generating a huge amount of citric residue (approximately 50% of the total fruit weight), which may be potentially applied to biotechnology [1] [2]. The lignocellulolytic basidiomycetes are important decomposers, and the main organisms responsible for recycling carbon in the ecosystems. They degrade the wood components, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into low molecular weight components that can be assimilated for their growing and reproduction [3]. This capability is due to system consisted of lignocellulolytic enzymes, such as β-glucosidase, cellulase, xylanase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase among others [4]-[6]
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