Production of edible fungal (Rhizopus delemar CBS 145940) biomass from organosolv-pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in submerged fermentation

Mb D Marhendraswari,M J Taherzadeh,J A Ferreira,K Mondylaksita,W Budhijanto,C Niklasson,R Millati

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/991/1/012041

Abstract

Accumulation of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) from palm oil industry poses challenges for the disposal process, which leads to environmental damage. For this reason, valorization of OPEFB fractions to produce edible fungal biomass was carried out in this research. The fungus was Rhizopus delemar CBS 145940, which is an edible fungus, Indonesian indigenous, and is favorable for the production of several end products. Organosolv pretreatment was first conducted on OPEFB using ethanol (50%) as the solvent. Enzymatic hydrolysis was then performed using Cellic® Ctec3 on the pretreated-OPEFB fractions. Hydrolyzates from cellulose-rich fraction, slurry (a mixture of cellulose-rich fraction and hemicellulose-rich fraction), and hemicellulose-rich fraction were used as the cultivation media for fungal growth. The corresponding yield of fungal biomass from each medium was 0.62 ± 0.07 g/g glucose; 0.41 ± 0.02; and 0.61 ± 0.13 g/g fermentable sugars, respectively. These results showed that Rhizopus delemar CBS 145940 could be grown in all the hydrolyzates from the OPEFB fractions. Nevertheless, in order to obtain higher fungal biomass, supplementation of nutrition was needed.

Highlights

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of solid wastes from palm oil industry that reached 37 million tons in 2017 in Indonesia [1]
As oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is a lignocellulosic material, its bioconversion can be accomplished by three main steps
The main purpose of this work was to produce edible fungal biomass using Rhizopus delemar CBS 145940 in sugar media derived from OPEFB

Summary

Introduction

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of solid wastes from palm oil industry that reached 37 million tons in 2017 in Indonesia [1]. Some of OPEFB from palm oil industry is used for soil fertilizer and fuel for boiler, while some remains as waste to be disposed of or burned. Improper handling of OPEFB such as open dumping and burning cause environmental and sustainability problems such as extensive land requirements and air pollution. When OPEFB is a promising biomass as it contains 59.7% cellulose and 22.1% hemicellulose [2]. Environmentally friendly and economically viable bioprocess to convert OPEFB to valuable products is of necessary. As OPEFB is a lignocellulosic material, its bioconversion can be accomplished by three main steps. The first step is pretreatment that has a purpose to enhance the digestibility of cellulose and

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