Abstract
This study was aimed to produce ferromanganese by using waste battery as manganese source, mill scale as iron source and waste coffee ground as reduction agent and carbon source. Waste batteries were collected from waste battery collection bins. Mill scale was collected from hot rolling workshop. Waste coffee grounds were household used coffee. All starting materials were characterized. Weighted raw materials blended with addition of bentonite as a binder. Pelletizing equipment was used to produce composite pellets. Produced pellets were dried then used for reduction experiments. Reduction experiments were conducted in Argon purged tube furnace for 1250 oC, 1300 oC and 1400 oC according to thermodynamic background. Produced ferromanganese samples were characterized for chemical compositions and metallization rate.
Highlights
Waste management is gaining importance because of depleting natural resources
Primary waste battery recycling consists of reduction – evaporation of Zn at first step followed by total or partial reduction of manganese oxides to produce various manganese based chemicals or alloys [5, 6]
Waste coffee grounds are evaluated in various recycling applications due to large amount of waste [8]
Summary
Waste management is gaining importance because of depleting natural resources. Increasing consumption of materials with increasing population gained popularity to recycling and material recovery technologies. Waste coffee grounds are valorized to produce carbon based materials generally [8, 10, 11]. Active carbon [12], pharmaceutical compounds [11], biodiesel [10], anode material [13] are produced via valorization of waste coffee grounds. Chemical treatment is applied to waste coffee grounds to refine unwanted compounds in order to obtain desired products without using valorization in different applications [14, 15]. This study is aimed to produce ferromanganese with using waste coffee grounds as a reductive carbon source, waste battery paste as manganese source and mill scale for iron source.
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