Abstract
Corncobs could serve as a substrate for citric acid production using solid state fermentation technique. The culture optimization concerning substrate concentration, culture duration, pH, temperature and substrate hydrolysis was carried out for maximum productivity of citric acid. Under the optimized conditions, 48.4 g of citric acid was produced from 1 kg dry corncobs. Biological evaluation was carried out for citric acid such as melanin synthesis inhibitory, anti-allergy, anti-bacterial, and hyaluronic acid production activities. The results showed that citric acid has potent melanin inhibitory activity, good inhibition for β-hexosaminidase release and potent stimulatory effect for the production of hyaluronic acid. These activities (melanin synthesis inhibitory, anti-allergy and hyaluronic acid productive activities) of citric acid have been reported for the first time.
Highlights
The vast development in industry, agriculture and the human civilization resulted in intensive production of a huge amount of agro-industrial wastes
A. niger ATCC 10549 produce the highest amount of citric acid at 30 ̊C and pH 3
As corncobs concentration was increased from 6% to 24%, the yield of citric acid by A. niger ATCC 10549 was increased from 56.6 to 459.6 μg/mL
Summary
The vast development in industry, agriculture and the human civilization resulted in intensive production of a huge amount of agro-industrial wastes. In Egypt, a large amount of corncobs are produced every year and no effective methods are being used for its utilization. The accumulation of this waste causes a serious environmental. Corncobs are an important by-product of the sweet corn processing industry in Egypt, where they represent about 15% of total corn production. The amount of corncobs produced was estimated to be about 54,424 tons in 2008 (according to data obtained from the Directorate of Agriculture, Egypt). Worldwide, these large amounts are either used as animal feed or are returned to the harvested field [2]
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