Abstract
This study illustrates the optimisation of the experimental conditions of three sequential steps for chondroitin sulphate (CS) recovery from three cartilaginous materials of Scyliorhinus canicula by-products. Optimum conditions of temperature and pH were first obtained for alcalase proteolysis of head cartilage (58 °C/pH 8.5/0.1% (v/w)/10 h of hydrolysis). Then, similar optimal conditions were observed for skeletons and fin materials. Enzymatic hydrolysates were subsequently treated with a combination of alkaline hydroalcoholic saline solutions in order to improve the protein hydrolysis and the selective precipitation of CS. Ranges of 0.53–0.64 M (NaOH) and 1.14–1.20 volumes (EtOH) were the levels for optimal chemical treatment depending on the cartilage origin. Finally, selective purification and concentration of CS and protein elimination of samples obtained from chemical treatment, was assessed by a combination of ultrafiltration and diafiltration (UF-DF) techniques at 30 kDa.
Highlights
Seafood discards and by-products including whole dead individuals, skins, heads, viscera, bones, cartilage, etc. serve as a source for obtaining high value-added products with uses in biomedicine, nutraceutics, feed and cosmetics
The complete desalination of retentates was observed. These results reveals the high efficiency of the 30 kDa ultrafiltration and diafiltration (UF-DF) system as a final step to chondroitin sulphate (CS) retention and recovery and protein discard from S. canicula wastes
A complete optimization of the different processes involved in the CS recovery and purification from cartilage wastes of S. canicula have been developed
Summary
Seafood discards and by-products including whole dead individuals, skins, heads, viscera, bones, cartilage, etc. serve as a source for obtaining high value-added products with uses in biomedicine, nutraceutics, feed and cosmetics. In terms of availability of potential raw material for valorization purposes, Scyliorhinus canicula might be considered as an alternative source for obtaining valuable compounds. In this regard, S. canicula is one of the most discarded species in Northeast Atlantic fisheries. Besides the importance of S. canicula discards as a raw material for obtaining value-added compounds, there is another fundamental factor contributing to the generation of large quantities of by-products: the onshore fish processing industry. Sales of fresh S. canicula in one of the most important fishing ports of Europe, located in Vigo (North-West Spain), accounted for up to 60,700 in for 2013, with an average price of €1.2 per kg (data from http://www.pescadegalicia.com). About 35%–75% of the total weight corresponds to by-products (heads, skin, cartilage, viscera, etc.) [4,5,6]
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