Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil via Deoxygenation Using Ni-Mo/Ac Catalyst

Nor Shafinaz Azman,Nurul Asikin Mijan,Nozieana Khairuddin,Taufiq Yap Yun Hin,Tengku Sharifah Marliza

doi:10.3390/pr9050750

Nor Shafinaz Azman, Nurul Asikin Mijan + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050750

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Abstract

Waste cooking oil (WCO) from palm oil is one of the most prospective biodiesel feedstock when compared to other oil seeds. Thus, WCO has great potential as a green source of diesel fuel for engines in motor vehicles and machinery. This project aimed to study the potential of three randomly selected types of WCO, namely; sample A (used 1× once to fry an egg), sample B (used 3–5× to fry salted fish), and sample C (used repeatedly to fry banana fritter) for the production of green diesel fuel over Ni-Mo/AC (nickel and molybdenum oxides incorporated with activated carbon) catalyst through the deoxygenation (DO) process. The prepared catalyst was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The DO process was performed at 350 °C to remove oxygen from the WCO samples. The liquid products were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), to measure the yields of straight-chain hydrocarbons and fractions in the range C8‒C20. Results showed that the highest n-(C8‒C20) hydrocarbon fractions were produced in the order of sample B (89.93%) > C (88.84%) > A (82.81%).

Highlights

Current strategies are geared towards a green form of diesel consisting of freeoxygenated hydrocarbon compounds for future use as a clean-burning fuel
Green diesel is generally synthesized by the deoxygenation (DO) of triglycerides and fatty acid derivatives by decarboxylation or decarbonylation, along with the formation of CO2 and CO + H2O as by-products [4,5,6]
Green diesel may be synthesized by the process of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), during which oxygenated compounds are extracted in the presence of H2 gas, resulting in the formation of water (H2O) as a by-product [7]

Summary

Introduction

Current strategies are geared towards a green form of diesel consisting of freeoxygenated hydrocarbon compounds for future use as a clean-burning fuel. Such fuels are characterised by low sulphur and aromatic content, high cetane content, lubricity and regenerability, which can guarantee ~70–90% reduction in GHG emissions (Asikin-Mijan et al, 2016a). Green diesel may be synthesized by the process of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), during which oxygenated compounds are extracted in the presence of H2 gas, resulting in the formation of water (H2O) as a by-product [7]. The process results in high-quality green diesel, with similar fuel properties as standard crude oil-derived diesel [9]

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