Abstract
The present work report for the first time on the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) using natural loofa sponge (Luffa aegyptiaca) as a scaffold for the immobilization of Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Bacterial cellulose (BC) are recently gained more attention in several fields including biological and biomedical applications due to their outstanding physico-chemical characteristics including high thermal stability, easy biodegradability, good water holding capacity, high tensile strength, and high degree of polymerization. The increase in requirement of alternative method for the enhancement of BC production under economical aspect develops a positive impact in large scale industries. In this study, Luffa aegyptiaca (LA) was introduced in a separate fermentation medium so as to enhance the concentration of BC production by Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Different process/medium parameters such as initial pH, static/shaking condition, inoculum size, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, supplements (ethanol and acetic acid) were analysed for the production of bacterial cellulose using LA support. The maximum yield of BC was obtained using following condition: culturing condition -shaking; initial pH − 5.5; nitrogen source- yeast extract, C/N ratio – 40 and supplement—ethanol. The characterization of the BC was examined using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The biofilm formation on the surface of LA was examined by SEM photographs. Thus, implementation of LA as a support in shaking fermentation under suitable medium/process variables enhanced the BC production.
Highlights
The present work report for the first time on the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) using natural loofa sponge (Luffa aegyptiaca) as a scaffold for the immobilization of Gluconacetobacter kombuchae
Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced through microbial fermentation has high purity and does not require any energy consuming steps such as hydrolysis and delignification due to the absence of lignin, pectin and h emicellulose[10]
It is structurally similar with plant cellulose (β- 1,4-glucans, (C6H12O6)n), certain bacteria, acetic acid bacteria (AAB) like Agrobacterium, Aerobacterium, Rhizobium, Salmonella, Sarcina, Azetobacter, Achromobacter, Komagataeibacter has the capability of producing Bacterial cellulose (BC) by their metabolic activity[13]
Summary
The present work report for the first time on the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) using natural loofa sponge (Luffa aegyptiaca) as a scaffold for the immobilization of Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Bacterial cellulose (BC), one among the carbohydrate polymers, has been increasing applications in the past decades owing to its outstanding characteristics such as hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, crystallinity, tensile strength, moldability, degree of polymerization, biodegradability and thermal s tability[1,2,3,4,5,6] It is widely used in numerous commercial applications, some of which are: (i) preparation of artificial skin, artificial blood vessel, nano structured biomaterials in tissue engineering, (ii) synthesis of biodegradable materials, wound cleansing material in biomedical field; (iii) manufacturing of low-calorific desserts, fabricated foods and salads in food industry, (iv) as a stability enhancer in paper industry and (v) cosmetics[7,8,9]. The production of BC was investigated using immobilized Gluconacetobacter kombuchae on Luffa aegyptiaca (LA), as a novel and cost-effective biomass support
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