Abstract
Objective: Production of bioactive secondary metabolites from a feather-degrading actinobacterial species using feather meal medium. Methods: Protease producer actinobacterial isolates (22) recovered from farm soil, poultry farm soil and feather wastes were used to test the antagonistic effect on pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophyte using Mueller-Hinton agar and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. The best isolate was used to produce the active metabolites in feather meal medium composed from (g/l) 10 feather meal, 5 sucrose and 0.3 l cement extract were dissolved in tap water, in addition to the standard medium composting of (g/l) glucose (1%), tryptone (1%), KH2PO4 (0.07%) and K2HPO4 (0.14%) were dissolved in distilled water, both of them at initial pH 9. The secondary metabolites were partially purified by Sephadex LH20 column and the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic activity were assayed.Results: 31.82% of isolates inhibited the growth of both bacterial and fungal test organisms and the best one was Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR (GenBank: KC702802.1) at a significant level P˂ 0.05. It produced bioactive metabolites in both feather meal broth and the standard media. The partially purified metabolites inhibit the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (51%) and normal hepatic cell line WRL-68 (9%), in addition to inhibiting S. aureus andTrichophyton menta agrophyte growth.Conclusion: The actinobacteria has vast abilities to degrade very complex wastes and converted to simple constituents to reprocess in other industries. So the Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR was a novel strain produced anticancer, antimicrobial substances using feather meal medium as a cheap waste medium.
Highlights
The genus Nocardiopsis produced a vast variety of bioactive compounds such as pendolmycin, in addition to secreting extracellular enzymes like alkaline tolerant enzymes, amylases, alkaline serine proteases and keratinolytic proteases [1, 2]
Some of actinobacterial species had ability to degrade the feather waste, which are the valuable sources for variety of amino acids, predominantly cystine, lysine, proline, and serine [8], because of these abilities of actinobacteria Nocardiopsis it may be used to produce the antibiotics using feather waste degradation as a sources for carbon and nitrogen [9, 10]
The best one (P 0.05) was selected to produce antimicrobial substances. These results in consensus with previous studies that documented the actinobacterial species are the main sources for producing antimicrobial substances and the same organisms had the ability to produce antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer substances [2, 3, 20,21,22,23,24]
Summary
The genus Nocardiopsis produced a vast variety of bioactive compounds such as pendolmycin (antifungal and tumor promoting agent), in addition to secreting extracellular enzymes like alkaline tolerant enzymes, amylases, alkaline serine proteases and keratinolytic proteases [1, 2]. Nocardiopsis species produced a novel antibiotic like naphthospironones (antimicrobial and anticancer compounds) [3], apoptolidins (selective anticancer agents) [4], griseusins (antimicrobial and anticancer compounds) [5], thiopeptides (antibiotic) [6] and lipopeptides (surfactants) [7]. This actinobacterium is of considerable biotechnological importance and can serve as potential sources of natural products and new metabolites in the future. Our objective of the study was using keratinase producing action bacteria to produce antimicrobial substances in a culture medium containing feather waste as a cheap medium
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