Abstract
Publisher Summary The chapter reviews biological production of acetic acid. Production of acetic acid can be an aerobic or anaerobic process. The chemical reactions involved are acetaldehyde oxidation, hydrocarbon oxidation, and methanol carbonylation. The chapter focuses on the production of acetic acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum which is an obligate anaerobe, Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, thermophilic organism with an optimum growth temperature of 55-60°C and an optimum pH of 6.6-6.8. The chapter discusses various substrates, enzymes, minerals required for the fermentation process. Growth and acetate production by C. thermoaceticum is critically dependent on nutrient type and levels. The chapter also presents various methods used for strain improvement by treatment with chemical mutagenic agents (NTG and nitrous acid) and selective enrichment procedures. The fermentation is carried out in different types of bio-reactors and the chapter discusses some of them followed by the summarization of the steps involved in the downstream processing of acetate fermentation broths. Many experiments, graphs, and tables are also cited in the chapter.
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