Abstract
The importance of Ca2+ in the transduction of a multitude of signals in plant cells is now well established. A key mechanism by which changes in intracellular free Ca2+ are translated into cellular responses is via the activation of regulatory Ca2+-binding proteins such as calmodulin (CaM). Evidence for the importance of CaM in plant cell signalling has gained momentum in recent years with the identification of several CaM isoforms and CaM-like proteins, together with studies implicating CaM in cellular responses to pathogen invasion and a variety of environmental stimuli. However, unlike in animal cells, where numerous proteins under CaM control, including ion channels, transcription factors and kinases, have been reported, few effectors downstream of CaM have been unequivocally identified in plants. Therein lies the key to more fully elucidating Ca2+/CaM-mediated signalling pathways.
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