Abstract
Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) using an ionic liquid, 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([MIM]HSO4), was investigated. 5-HMF can be produced from C. japonica at temperatures above 120 °C. The maximum yield of 5-HMF was about 9 wt% after 15 min of treatment at 160 °C. However, 5-HMF produced in this process tended to decompose as the treatment continued. To avoid decomposition and to provide a means of recovering 5-HMF from [MIM]HSO4, three reaction systems based on [MIM]HSO4 were investigated: biphasic [MIM]HSO4/organic solvent system, [MIM]HSO4 with vacuum distillation, and [MIM]HSO4 with vacuum steam distillation. The [MIM]HSO4 reaction system combined with vacuum steam distillation was most effective. The maximum yield of 5-HMF was 17.5 wt% after treatment for 45 min at 160 °C. The combination of [MIM]HSO4 treatment with vacuum steam distillation is suitable for 5-HMF production because it is a one-pot process without the need for catalysts or pretreatment.
Highlights
In recent years, wood has been utilized to produce liquid fuels and fine c hemicals[1,2]
The yields of 5-HMF from dried wood in [MIM]HSO4 at 100, 120, and 140 °C are shown in Fig. 1. 5-HMF was produced from wood in [MIM]HSO4 at 120 and 140 °C, and the yield of 5-HMF reached a maximum of 6.3 wt% after treatment for 5 h at 120 °C
Given that it is known that 5-HMF degrades under acidic conditions and [ MIM]HSO4 is an acidic ionic liquid, any 5-HMF that is produced in [MIM]HSO4 is likely to degrade
Summary
Wood has been utilized to produce liquid fuels and fine c hemicals[1,2] Monosaccharides such as pentoses and hexoses are generated from cellulose and hemicelluloses in wood by hydrolysis. Pine wood was converted to 5-HMF in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) with C rCl3·6H2O as catalyst in 52 mol% yield by reaction at 200 °C29 These studies suggest that 5-HMF can be produced from lignocellulosics without pretreatments such as delignification and hydrolysis. Our previous studies revealed that 5-HMF produced in ionic liquids, [EMIM]Cl33 or 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([MIM]HSO4)[34] as reaction medium is not stable under heating. In this system, conversion of glucose or fructose to 5-HMF in ionic liquids and extraction of 5-HMF produced from ionic liquids with supercritical carbon dioxide was applied[35,36]. Extraction systems to separate 5-HMF from [MIM]HSO4 were investigated
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