Abstract
In this study, a catalyst comprising Ru-Zr bimetals supported on core-shell ZSM-5 zeolite is tailored for catalytic conversion of furfural to yield γ-valerolactone via promoted two-step cascade reaction. ZrO2 encapsulated within hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite is synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method, followed by sequential treatment with NaOH to yield Zr@ZSM-OH. Subsequently, the RuO2 component is introduced through impregnation, followed by calcination to obtain Ru-Zr@ZSM-OH. In conversion of furfural, the synergistic effect of highly dispersed ZrO2 acting as Lewis acid sites, combined with Brønsted acid sites provided by zeolite, facilitates the production of isopropyl levulinate via catalytic hydrogenation transfer, under either H2 or N2 atmosphere. In the secondary step, the introduced RuO2 promotes the adsorption and spillover of active H2, thereby accelerating the conversion of isopropyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone. The as-synthesized Ru-Zr@ZSM-OH catalyst achieves an impressive yield of 92.6 wt% of γ-valerolactone after just a 2 h reaction at 175 °C.
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