Production Losses in Dairy Cattle Due to Days Open

Abstract

Losses in milk yield due to delayed breeding were determined from 4,910 complete lactations of Holsteins in the North Carolina Institutional Breeding Association. Production of 756 cows to the end of the lactation terminating nearest 48 months after first calving was utilized in the first phase of the study. Regression analyses within herd and year of first calving with age at calving, total days dry, and total days in milk as covariates, revealed a quadratic relationship between days open and production. There was an average decrease of 2.40±1.09kg of milk and 0.112±0.040kg of fat for each additional day open. A parallel study utilizing shorter production intervals included 1,580 cows with first and second lactations, 1,050 cows with second and third lactations, and 700 cows with third and fourth lactations. Regression analyses were within herd-year-season of calving, with age at calving, days open, and days dry as covariates. Yields per day for the interval from 210 days after calving through 305 days of next lactation, were used as dependent variables. Days open were not uniformly expensive for all lactations of an animal. An increase of 1.16kg of milk for each additional day open was obtained for first lactations. For second and third lactations there was a decline of 3.58 and 3.68kg of milk, respectively, for each additional day open. The differential response for the first lactations was attributed to their higher persistency. A calving interval of 13 months for first calvers and 12 months for second and later calvers was suggested as an optimum length for attaining maximum production. Considering the reduced calving rate, as well as the loss in milk yield, net decrease in income for each additional day open would be expected to approximate 25 to 70 cents rather than the often quoted one to two dollars.