Production efficiency in cultivar combinations of beet and cowpea

Jeisy Rs Ribeiro,Elizangela C Santos,Renato Lc Nunes,Francisco Bezerra Neto,Jailma Ss Lima,Aridênia P Chaves,Josimar N Silva

doi:10.1590/s0102-0536202004017

Abstract

ABSTRACT For the simultaneous achievement of productivity in beet and cowpea associations, it is necessary to take into consideration the choice of cultivar combinations that offer a response in terms of production, product quality and efficiency of the intercropping. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of production of beet cultivars combinations with cowpea cultivars in two cropping years (2016 and 2017) in a semi-arid environment. The treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications, consisted of the combination of two beet cultivars (Early Wonder and Fortuna) with four cowpea cultivars (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba and BRS Itaim), in addition to monocultures of these cultivars, as an additional treatment. The experimental design used was in randomized complete blocks. The production and its components were evaluated in the beet and cowpea. Apart from these characteristics, the following agro-economic indicators were also determined for each treatment: system productivity index (SPI), the land equivalent coefficient (LEC), and the monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The productive variables of cowpea and of the agro-economic indicators of the intercropping systems were higher in the second cropping year (2017), while the productive variables of beet were higher in the first cropping year (2016). The Early Wonder and Fortuna cultivars when in intercropping with the cowpea cultivars had similar commercial productivities of roots (11.29 and 11.93 t ha-1), respectively. The cowpea cultivar BRS Tumucumaque (1.38 t ha-1) was the most productive when intercropped with beet. The combinations of cultivars that had the highest agro-economic efficiencies and complementarity were those originated from the associations of BRS Tumucumaque (SPI = 18.43, LEC = 0.52 and MER = 1.42) and BRS Guariba (SPI = 18.42, LEC = 0.52 and MER = 1.48) with the Early Wonder beet cultivar.

Highlights

Para a obtenção simultânea de alta produtividade, qualidade do produto e eficiência em associações como a de beterraba e feijãocaupi, é necessário levar em consideração a escolha de combinações de cultivares
In the intercrops we evaluated, the system productivity index (SPI), the land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and the monetary equivalent ratio (MER)
Interactions were observed between cropping years and cowpea cultivars in intercrop and monocrop in the productivity of green grains (PGG), and between cropping years and cropping systems, and between cropping years and cowpea cultivars in monocrop in the productivity of green pods (PGP) (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Para a obtenção simultânea de alta produtividade, qualidade do produto e eficiência em associações como a de beterraba e feijãocaupi, é necessário levar em consideração a escolha de combinações de cultivares. As combinações de cultivares que apresentaram as maiores eficiências agroeconômicas e complementaridade foram aquelas provenientes das associações de BRS Tumucumaque (IPS = 18,43, CET = 0,52 e REM = 1,42) e BRS Guariba (IPS = 18,42, CET = 0,52 e REM = 1,48) com a cultivar de beterraba Early Wonder. Cowpea is a crop that presents a satisfactory productive response when associated with tuberous species such as carrot (Daucus carota) (Favacho et al, 2017), radish (Raphanus sativus) (Pereira et al, 2016) and beet (Beta vulgaris) (Moraes, 2016) This response is due to the better spatial and temporal combination of the two cultures in terms of demand and of the beneficial biological interactions that occur between them, optimizing growth factors, such as solar radiation, water and nutrients, and increasing their yields. LEC values higher than 0.25 and MER values higher than 1, indicate, respectively, more productive and profitable intercropped systems

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Results