Abstract
ABSTRACT The sowing time is of fundamental importance for achieving high yields in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop, reducing risks and losses and maximizing the crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of the sowing time on morphological (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and head diameter) and production (1,000-achene weight and total yield) traits. The experiment was conducted in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons, using a randomized blocks design, in a 3 × 2 bi-factorial scheme, with three sowing times (October 20, November 19 and December 22) and two hybrids (BRS 321 and BRS 323). A negative interference from the environment and sowing time was observed for all the analyzed variables. The third sowing time (December 22), in both crop seasons, resulted in a drastic reduction in the morphological and production traits of the cultivars, with a 50 % reduction in the yield of achenes.
Highlights
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) belongs to the Asteraceae family, originally from Mexico, and is considered one of the four oilseeds of greatest interest, in terms of edible oil production, in the world (Castro et al 2010)
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the sowing time on the morphological and productive traits of two sunflower cultivars in two crop seasons
Plant height and head diameter are influenced by sowing times and growing environment; 2
Summary
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) belongs to the Asteraceae family, originally from Mexico, and is considered one of the four oilseeds of greatest interest, in terms of edible oil production, in the world (Castro et al 2010). Sunflower crude oil is considered an obtainable raw material, if compared to soybean, in addition to presenting high levels of vegetable oil (around 40-54 %; Gazzola et al 2012). In Brazil, the crop adapts to the most varied edaphoclimatic conditions, and can be cultivated from the Rio Grande do Sul to the Roraima state, above the Equator line. The high efficiency in using available water, resistance to water stress conditions and tolerance to high temperatures make sunflower a viable crop to income adding (Sheaffer et al 1977, Castro et al 1997). Depending on the temperature and water availability conditions, sunflower can be grown as a first or second crop, being little sensitive to the photoperiod, allowing its cultivation throughout the year in all grain producing regions in Brazil (Leite et al 2007)
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