Abstract
The valorization of wastes generated in the processing of farmed fish is currently an issue of extreme relevance for the industry, aiming to accomplish the objectives of circular bioeconomy. In the present report, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) by-products were subjected to Alcalase hydrolysis under the optimal conditions initially defined by response surface methodology. All the fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) showed a high yield of digestion (>83%), very remarkable degrees of hydrolysis (30–37%), high content of soluble protein (>62 g/L), an excellent profile of amino acids, and almost total in vitro digestibility (higher than 92%). Antioxidant and antihypertensive activities were analyzed in all cases, viscera hydrolysates being the most active. The range of average molecular weights (Mw) of turbot hydrolysates varied from 1200 to 1669 Da, and peptide size distribution showed that the hydrolysate of viscera had the highest content of peptides above 1000 Da and below 200 Da.
Highlights
One of the most critical challenges that humanity currently faces is the production of enough food for an expected population of 9.6 billion people by 2050
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) by-products were subjected to Alcalase hydrolysis under the optimal conditions initially defined by response surface methodology
All the fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) showed a high yield of digestion (>83%), very remarkable degrees of hydrolysis (30–37%), high content of soluble protein (>62 g/L), an excellent profile of amino acids, and almost total in vitro digestibility
Summary
One of the most critical challenges that humanity currently faces is the production of enough food for an expected population of 9.6 billion people by 2050. The world fish production reached 170 million tons in 2016, with around 48% obtained from aquaculture [1]. As traditional fishing stocks approach their maximum level of exploitation (in many cases, even overexploited), aquaculture arises as a natural evolution of fisheries for fish supply, showing great potential since the resources required to produce a kilogram of food suitable for consumption are less in the water than on the land [2]. China is the largest producer with an estimated 60,000 t per year, followed by Europe with 11,000 t in 2017 [1]. European production is concentrated in Galicia (northwest of Spain) and north of Portugal, monopolizing 75% and 21% of the continental output, respectively
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