Abstract
BackgroundParomomycin is a 2-deoxystreptamine aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and many protozoa. This study introduces a strategy for paromomycin production through solid-state fermentation using Streptomyces rimosus subsp. paromomycinus NRRL 2455. Solid state fermentation has gained enormous attention in the development of several products because of their numerous advantages over submerged liquid fermentation. After selecting the best solid substrate, a time course study of paromomycin production was carried out followed by optimization of environmental conditions using response surface methodology. Paromomycin yields obtained using this technique were also compared to those obtained using submerged liquid fermentation.ResultsUpon screening of 6 different substrates, maximum paromomycin concentration (0.51 mg/g initial dry solids) was obtained with the cost-effective agro-industrial byproduct, corn bran, impregnated with aminoglycoside production media. Optimization of environmental conditions using D-optimal design yielded a 4.3-fold enhancement in paromomycin concentration reaching 2.21 mg/g initial dry solids at a pH of 8.5, inoculum size of 5% v/w and a temperature of 30 °C.ConclusionCompared to submerged liquid fermentation, solid state fermentation resulted in comparable paromomycin concentrations, cost reduction of raw materials, less energy consumption and waste water discharge, which have major implications in industrial fermentation. Therefore, solid state fermentation is a promising alternative to submerged liquid fermentation for paromomycin production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the optimized paromomycin production through solid state fermentation process.
Highlights
Paromomycin is a 2-deoxystreptamine aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and many protozoa
Paromomycin production by Solid state fermentation (SSF) using different solid substrates Out of the 6 solid substrates tested, corn bran and soybean meal resulted in the largest inhibition zones (22 ± 0.35 mm and 15.50 ± 0.71 mm, respectively)
Corn bran, whose production corresponded to 0.51 mg/g Initial dry solids (IDS) (0.34 mg/ml A6), was selected for further experiments
Summary
Paromomycin is a 2-deoxystreptamine aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and many protozoa. They possess activity against a wide range of microbes, including mycobacteria, protozoa, Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and multiple drug-resistant pathogens [1, 3] Of these aminoglycosides, El-Housseiny et al BMC Microbiology (2021) 21:34 with low oral toxicity, making it unique when compared to other available drugs [7]. Antibiotics have been generally produced by submerged liquid fermentation (SLF), and many approaches have been used to enhance their production [8, 9]. This technique is accompanied with some difficulties. The expensive substrates used, large volumes of broth and resulting wastewater, which must be treated, all share in increasing the costs of antibiotic production [10]
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