Abstract
Objective: To study the production of pigments by Kocuria sp. BRI 36, their characteristics and influence of heavy metals on pigments.Methods: The effects of various physical and chemical parameters on pigments production by Kocuria sp. BRI 36 were examined. Pigments were extracted and partially characterised by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cd 2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ were studied on pigment production. Antimicrobial activity and stability studies of crude pigment were also conducted.Results: Kocuria sp. BRI 36 isolated from cold oceanic region maximally produced red-orange pigment in presence of glucose (5% w/v) and protease peptone (0.2% w/v) at pH 7.5, 10±1 °C. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis revealed the occurrence of three different compounds in the crude pigment belonging to carotenoid and xanthophyll group. Metals like Ni2+ and Cr3+ adversely affected pigment production while Pb2+and Cd2+enhanced the yield. The significant features of Kocuria sp. BRI 36 pigment are i) antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, ii) maximum stability at pH 7.5 and 10±1 °C and iii) ~38% color loss at 50±1 °C in 5 h.Conclusion: Our results suggest application potential of Kocuria sp. BRI 36 pigments in various biotechnological fields.
Highlights
Pigments are colourful compounds that are produced naturally or synthetically
Among various types of pigments reported from bacteria, a carotenoid group of pigments are more widely studied with respect to their applications
Optimal effect of organic nitrogen on pigment production had been observed by Kim and Park [21] in Kocuria sp
Summary
Pigments are colourful compounds that are produced naturally or synthetically. Natural pigments produced by bacteria, fungi, plants, insects etc. Have better bio-degradability and environment acceptability over synthetic pigments. Bacterial pigments could play a key role as additives in colorful beverages, textile industries as natural colorant [1]. Among various types of pigments reported from bacteria, a carotenoid group of pigments are more widely studied with respect to their applications. Kulkarni et al [3] reported the application of yellow pigment in the dyeing of fabric produced by Kocuria flava sp. Strain was described as a canthaxanthin (4,4’-diketo-b-carotene) producer which has been used as aqua feed to impart the desired flesh colour in farmed salmonids [7] Bradyrhizobium sp. strain was described as a canthaxanthin (4,4’-diketo-b-carotene) producer which has been used as aqua feed to impart the desired flesh colour in farmed salmonids [7]
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