Abstract
ABSTRACT Agroindustrial residues, such as cassava wastewater, have been used as soil fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution and recovering nutrients. The objective of this work was to evaluate production and morphological components and oil yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), hybrid Helio-250, fertilized with cassava wastewater. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, with six cassava wastewater rates (0, 8.5, 17.0, 34.0, 68.0 and 136 m3 ha-1) and four replications. The variables evaluated were shoot fresh and dry weight, capitulum fresh and dry weight, capitulum diameter, seed yield, oil yield and seed oil content. The use cassava wastewater as soil fertilizer improved the production and morphological variables evaluated, except the seed oil content, which decreased with application of cassava wastewater rates above 25 m3 ha-1.
Highlights
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stands out as one of the four main oil-producing crops in the world, with increasing importance to international agriculture
Among the many agroindustrial residues, there are those from the cassava processing for table flour and starch production, which generates residues containing solids, consisting of the woody parts of roots, fibrous fraction retained in sieves and the cassava biomass, and liquids, consisting of the root-wash water and cassava pressing water, which is commonly known as cassava wastewater (Magalhães et al, 2014)
The minimum (20,967 kg ha-1, cassava wastewater rates (CWR) of 0) and maximum (65,881 kg ha-1, CWR of 136 m3 ha-1) SFW found by the regression equations (Figure 1A) represented an increase of 214%
Summary
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stands out as one of the four main oil-producing crops in the world, with increasing importance to international agriculture. The Brazilian agroindustrial sector generate approximately 330 million Mg of waste per year, which can be reused for several purposes, including energy production and soil fertilization (Moraes et al, 2012; Virmond, 2011). These residues have high concentration of nutrients and organic matter, they can improve the soil fertility and, increase the yield of agricultural crops (Grigatti et al 2011). Among the many agroindustrial residues, there are those from the cassava processing for table flour and starch production, which generates residues containing solids, consisting of the woody parts of roots, fibrous fraction retained in sieves and the cassava biomass, and liquids, consisting of the root-wash water and cassava pressing water, which is commonly known as cassava wastewater (Magalhães et al, 2014)
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