Abstract
Liquid smoke is known to contain compounds that can control plant disease pathogens. This study aims to produce wood-waste liquid smoke and determine its effectiveness as a fungicide on plant pathogens. This research was conducted in two experimental stages, namely: (i) in vitro test as a preliminary test of the effectiveness of teak waste liquid smoke at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%; and (ii) in vivo test was arranged in randomized block design consisting of seven levels of liquid smoke concentration, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%, each of which was repeated four times. The results showed that the pyrolysis of 1 kg of wood waste was produced with the proportions of liquid smoke, charcoal and tar, respectively: 312 mL, 31 g, 367 g and the uncondensed gases. Treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed that a concentration of 1 to 2.5% liquid smoke was able to suppress the growth of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii 100%. The treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed an effect on inhibition of the growth diameter of fungal colonies, suppressing the disease occurance, and suppressing the lesion diameter.
Highlights
Sustainable agricultural development requires environmentally friendly pest control
The yield resulting from the pyrolysis process of 1 kg of teak wood shavings was produced with the proportions of liquid smoke, charcoal and tar, respectively: 312 mL, 31 g, 367 g and the uncondensed gases
The lower yield of liquid smoke than that produced by Rahmat et al [4] and Wagini and Sukaryono [7] possibly caused by differences in the moisture content of the materials, pyrolysis kiln design, temperature and pyrolysis time
Summary
Sustainable agricultural development requires environmentally friendly pest control. In practice, vegetable pesticides are used, one of which is liquid smoke. Internal studies regarding the use of liquid smoke have been carried out and have the potential as a plant regulator for papaya [1], as a larvacide and repellent for Spodoptera litura [2], and able to control the main pests of rice namely the golden snail [3]. As an antifungal, it affects the strawberry fruit rot pathogens [4]. The compounds in liquid smoke that affect the anti-fungal properties of liquid smoke are phenols and acids
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