Abstract
Keratin protein has been applied for biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical resistance, and bioavailability. Tragacanth gum (TG) as a polysaccharide-based biopolymer has wound healing and antimicrobial properties. In this study, keratin was extracted from protein-based chicken feather by using reduction hydrolysis (sodium sulfide), and nanogels of keratin and TG composites at different ratios were produced by using the chemical cross-linking method. Then, cinnamon (5 and 10%) as an antibacterial herbal extract was added to the nanogels and coated on cotton fabric. The morphology and size of the composite nanogels, chemical structure, biological, and antibacterial properties were evaluated. According to DLS results, TGK2:1 (ratio of TG to keratin = 2:1) had the minimum size (80 nm) and PDI (0.1), and therefore, this sample was chosen as the optimum one. FESEM and TEM images showed the semi-spherical shape of the produced nanogels. FTIR spectra revealed the possible hydrogen bonding between the components, and the formation of disulfide bonds after the addition of hydrogen peroxide was confirmed by XPS. After loading cinnamon into the nanogels, an increase in size was observed from 80 nm for free-nanogel to 85 and 105 nm for 5 and 10% extract-loaded nanogels, respectively. Besides, more cinnamon was released from the treated fabrics by increasing time and cinnamon concentration. The antibacterial test exhibited good antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, MTT assay approved the biocompatibility of the produced nanogels for potential use in medical textiles.
Highlights
Hydrogels are hydrophilic three-dimensional networks that swell in contact with water but do not dissolve
Size and Morphological Investigation The average size as well as polydispersity index (PDI) of different formulations was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS)
It was assumed that the negative charge of the nanogels could be associated with the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of keratin and Tragacanth gum (TG)
Summary
Hydrogels are hydrophilic three-dimensional networks that swell in contact with water but do not dissolve. They come in many forms, including sheets, microparticles, nanoparticles, coating structures, and films. For this reason, hydrogels can be used in diverse research areas including sensors, tissue engineering, and biomolecular separation (Amin et al, 2009). Nanogels or hydrogel nanoparticles are ideal candidates for target-specific delivery of drugs due to their high drug loading capacity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and improved cellular uptake efficiency (Chacko et al, 2012; Cheng et al, 2013; McKenzie et al, 2015). Nanogels could be used as drug delivery vehicles capable of protecting the encapsulated drugs from the physiological environment and releasing them in the targeted tissues with meliorated permeability and retention effect (Sun et al, 2017).
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