Production and characterization of gelatin from rabbit bone as bioplastics material by acid pre-treatment

Abstract

This study aims to find out the effect of hydrochloric acid curing concentration on the characteristics of rabbit bone gelatin and determine the level of hydrochloric acid concentration for the soaking process to produce the best characteristics of rabbit bone gelatin. The material used was 50 kg of Rex rabbit bones obtained from rabbit farms, HCl 4, 5 and 6% and distilled water. The rabbit skin was soaked in hydrochloricacid (4, 5 and 6%) for 4 d as treatment and replicated three times. Gelatin extraction was performed three times at temperatures of 65, 75 and 85°C for 4 h each time and the results obtained were filtered through filter paper. The filtrate was concentrated at 50°C for 5 h. The concentrated filtrate was then poured into a tray before drying in an oven at 50°C until dry. Milling was carried out until it became gelatin powder. This study used a completely randomised design with a unidirectional pattern, and if there was a significant difference, continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the rabbit bone gelatin yield was between 6.18-8.52%, moisture 8.08-8.45%, ash content 8.15-10.93%, pH 3.85-4, protein content 57.09-62.84%, fat content 0.04-0.27%, gel strength 74.47-129.09 bloom, viscosity 3.06-4.26 cP, thick point 10-12°C, melting point 33-35°C and the molecular weights were 85, 120, and 212.5 kDa. The characteristics of rabbit bone gelatin still meet the Standar Nasional Indonesia gelatin range. Curing treatment with 6% HCl gave the best gelatin characteristics.