Abstract
Biomass energy accounts for more than 92 percent of overall energy consumption in Ethiopia. As a result, Ethiopia is one of the world’s most biomass-dependent countries. The high reliance on wood fuels and agricultural residues for fuel harms society’s social, economic, and environmental well-being. This study aims to create and test the quality of fuel briquettes made from the coffee husk. Also built and produced are a carboniser/charcoal kiln, a manually operated molder system, and a briquette stove for burning the manufactured briquette. The carboniser converts 15 kg of raw coffee husk into 6 kg of carbonised char in 25 minutes, and the manually operated briquette molder can press 30 kg per hour. The efficiency of converting raw coffee husk into carbonised char content was 40.12%. In the geological survey of Ethiopia, the geochemical laboratory directorate received triplicate samples of the fuel briquette charcoal for analysis. Moisture content, fixed carbon content, ash content, sulfur content, and calorific value were determined using a bomb calorimeter and a ceramic lining furnace. Physical properties of fuel briquettes ranged from 10.03% moisture content, 970 kg/m3 density, 81% fixed carbon, 5.15% ash content, 0% sulfur, and 30.54 Kcal/kg higher heating value, according to laboratory results. The results of the study revealed that the coffee husk fuel briquettes produced have more positive characteristics. Fuel briquettes were cost-effective and environmentally friendly and reduced deforestation compared to firewood. This study clearly shows that briquettes made from coffee husk could be used as an alternative energy source when this kind of waste is well managed.
Highlights
IntroductionIn Ethiopia, the most common cooking fuels are wood and charcoal, which most rural populations use [2,3,4]
Once the information was received about similar plants in India, private individuals purchased a low-pressure piston machine supplied by Eco-Briquette. e raw material is sawdust (60%) plus coffee and cottonseed husk. e briquettes are mainly sold in middle-class hotels of Addis with sophisticated fireplaces. e system functions reliably, but the drawback is the need for a binder that must be imported from abroad
Laboratory Results. e carboniser or kiln shown in Figure 4 was developed to produce 5 kg of briquette charcoal, made of 15 kg of input biomass and burns for approximately 25 minutes, using only coffee husk in this experiment. e manual molding machine has a pressing power of 30 kg/h. e average moisture content of the coffee husk was 10.03% (Table 2)
Summary
In Ethiopia, the most common cooking fuels are wood and charcoal, which most rural populations use [2,3,4]. Coffee husk is one of the most common agricultural wastes available in the Ethiopian mountain regions, which, through various thermochemical conversion processes, has been turned into different types of fuel and chemical feedstocks. Experiments show that coffee briquettes with a combustion property similar to firewood can be used as a renewable fuel. In Ethiopia, approximately 3,300,000 tonnes of surplus coffee, cotton, wheat, and barley residues are produced yearly, but not all of them are economically accessible; even the Ethiopian energy economy has been substantially reduced by the Advances in Materials Science and Engineering much-distributed figure of the residues from centralised state farms, estimated at 600,000 tonnes [9,10,11]. In mid-1985, Addis Ababa opened one of the few known private briquetting plants in Africa in Ethiopia [14]. A major briquetting program focused on several agribusinesses from state-owned farms is planned for Ethiopia. ese activities have not yet begun [9, 15,16,17]
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