Product-service systems towards eco-effective production patterns: A Lean-Green design approach from a literature review

Abstract

Increased competition, new consumption paradigms, and concern for the environment are motivating organisations to include services in their offerings, and orient their strategies to develop Product-Service Systems (PSS) that will bring value to consumers. However, to design new eco-efficient PSS, additional knowledge needs to be considered to streamline the design and to make it more effective. Lean-Green approaches embrace value and efficiency in PSS solutions, correlated to the sustainable characteristics of PSS. This paper aims to identify lean and green strategies to design eco-efficient PSS from a literature review. Using content analysis, Lean-Green strategies to add value in PSS design were grouped according to their eco-efficient potential. A graphical representation was proposed to synthesise the research findings. PSS allow multiple life cycles and enable strategies that consider the value flow, design for efficiency, improve longevity, and later capture value by reuse, remanufacture, and disassemble. The proposed structure shows how enterprises can begin the PSS design, systematically using Lean-Green strategies to add value by means of offering an eco-effective solution, taking advantage of sustainable production patterns that will thus enable sustainable consumption.