Abstract
Large volumes of water are generated in gas- and oil-production. This includes the water that is present originally in the reservoirs, but also water that is injected into the wells. While currently much of the produced water is either reinjected or disposed of after treatment, treated produced water is increasingly seen as an interesting resource, especially in water-scarce regions. This review looks at different PW treatment methods available, with an emphasis on the management of PW in oil- and gas production on the Arabian Peninsula.
Highlights
Produced water (PW) is a large waste stream that develops in onshore oil and gas exploration and production, where water is brought up from the reservoir together with the oil/gas
This review looks at different PW treatment methods available, with an emphasis on the management of PW in oil- and gas production on the Arabian Peninsula
Wang et al have looked at the possibility to use a hybrid organic-ceramic hydrophilic pervaporation membrane, HybSi® PVM-039, comprised of cross-linked organo-silane selective layer casted on an α-Al2O3 tubular ceramic membrane support, for the separation of lab-prepared saline and hypersaline waters, modeled after real oil and gas PWs
Summary
Produced water (PW) is a large waste stream that develops in onshore oil and gas exploration and production, where water is brought up from the reservoir together with the oil/gas. The global produced water market is predicted at 87.4 billion dollars by 2031 [12] With this large amount of PW produced, it is of immense importance to manage it, taking into account cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability. From an environmental standpoint, the principle of first employing technologies to minimize produced water production and of reusing and recycling PW govern. If neither of these is practical, PW disposal is the final option [14] [15].
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