Producción de celulasas de Aspergillus niger-ITV-02 a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos de maíz

Abstract

Cellulases are enzymes used in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues for second-generation (2G) bioethanol production, the low availability in the market, and the high-cost impacts in the 40% of the total cost of 2G bioethanol production. Therefore, it is necessary to look for sustainable alternatives for its production. Cellulases are mainly produced by Aspergillus niger, and their activity can be affected by nitrogen concentration, the use of surfactants, and the carbon source, among others. The objective of this work was to identify enzymes with CMCase and β-glucosidase activity of A. niger ITV-02 from low-cost lignocellulosic residues such as corn and cob stubble in two culture media (M1 and M2). The results showed that using corn stover and medium M2 increased the volumetric activity 1.4 and 1.7 times, respectively compared to corn cob and medium M2. Likewise, enzymes with cellulase activity were identified using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 4- methyl-lumberyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (MUG). The enzymes identified in MUG correspond to a glucoamylase, two β-glucosidases, and an exo β-xylosidase. In CMC the following were identified: exo-β-1,3-glucanase, endo -β-1,4 xylanase arabinosidase, and endoglucanase.