Producción, composición y características de la leche y del queso en la oveja Guirra

Abstract

[EN] In order to know more about the milk production of the Guirra sheep, the composition and characteristics of its milk and cheese, there have been developed in the experimental farm of the UPV, a series of studies with 72 Guirra and 44 Manchega for three lactations, which are grouped in three papers. In the first paper a comparative study was conducted about the production and characteristics of the Guirra and Manchega milk. Production and milk composition in the rearing period and the milking period was researched, as well as the milk yield fragmentation, the fatty acid profile and the particle size. In the second paper the characteristics of hard cheeses made from Guirra and Manchego milk were addressed. At the beginning cheeses were made with pasteurized Guirra's and Manchega's milk, and the rheological characteristics of milk were studied, as well as the composition of serum, coagulation time, the cheese output, the physicochemical characteristics of cheeses, the color development during the ripening process (90 days), the sensory characteristics of the cheese by a panel of tasters and sensory consumer acceptance. Second, cheese was produced from raw milk of Manchega and Guirra sheep following the procedure of increasing the temperature of the curd (32 oC to 37 oC) during draining. Additionally in this work the manufacture of another type of cheese was carried out from raw Guirra's milk, but without increasing the temperature of the curd. During the ripening process were researched the physico-chemical properties of the cheeses, their color, texture, sensory characteristics by a panel of tasters and the consumer opinions on the cheeses and their acceptance characteristics. In the third paper, a comparison was made between two types of cheese from Guirra's milk, one with lamb rennet and the other with a vegetable coagulant (Cynara cardunculus). During the ripening process the physicochemical characteristics of the cheeses were researched, their proteolysis, lipolysis, color, texture, sensory characteristics by a panel of tasters and the review and acceptance by consumers. It was found: Milked milk production in 120 days was lower in the Guirra (100 l) than in Manchega (132 l) breed and its composition was similar. Guirra's milk has a lower proportion of fatty acids of short and medium chain acids and a higher proportion of long chain. A size smaller than the casein micelles and fat globules was also observed. The rheological properties and cheese yield were similar in both breeds. Cheese from pasteurized Guirra's milk was harder, yellowish and presented worse consumer acceptance the Manchega cheese. Cheese with raw Guirra's milk had lower fat, higher protein content and was a little harder than Manchega cheese. The instrumental analysis showed no differences in color, and consumer acceptance was similar. The cheese made from Guirra's milk maintaining the temperature of the curd to 32 oC is less hard yellow cheese made from curd heating at 37 ° C, but the overall impression was not affected. Therefore, to…