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Abstract
The subject and aim of the paper is to present general trends of agricultural development, global conditions, and new concepts and forms of sustainable development. As part of the concept of sustainable development, which has been widely recognized as a development paradigm, in recent years we have seen the emergence of more than a dozen new proposals which modify or complement mainstream sustainable development. These concepts also apply to agriculture and rural areas. Based on an analysis of the literature, this paper presents selected concepts: the green economy, smart specializations, smart villages, the circular economy, responsible consumption and production, and the participatory economy. The role of international integration and EU authorities in disseminating these concepts as forms of innovation in the economic systems of the Member States of the European Union has been identified.
Highlights
Modern agriculture in Poland operates under the influence of various natural, technical, economic, and social factors of an internal and external nature
New concepts will be presented in the light of current, outlined trends of agricultural development and the conditions created by globalization and international integration
Agriculture and rural areas are becoming an integral part of new, numerous concepts, and forms linked with sustainable development
Summary
Modern agriculture in Poland operates under the influence of various natural, technical, economic, and social factors of an internal and external nature. The most important processes which have taken place in the last forty years in agriculture of many countries of the world include (World Bank, 2008; Adamowicz, 2008, 2015): – dynamic increase in the production and productivity and an increase in the efficiency of use of resources and inputs; – intensification of market-based international and internal (cross-sectoral) competitiveness; – reduction in statistical indicators determining the role of agriculture in the national and local economy, i.e., the occurrence of progressive deagrarianization of the economy; – increased multifunctionality of agriculture and development of non-agricultural forms of farming in rural areas, weakening processes of demographic urbanization in highly developed countries; – strengthening of consumer requirements in the area of food quality and safety and increase in the market power of large retail chains in food chains; – increase in the ecological sensitivity of citizens and understanding by farmers of the need to shape the development of agriculture and food economy based on sustainability. Of particular importance are the first Cork declaration of 1996 and Cork 2.0 declaration of 2016, as well as the Europe 2020 Strategy, in which the EU Member States adopted a program for implementing the concept of sustainable development in rural areas and set targets and courses of action in the coming years (Adamowicz, 2015)
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