Processing, texture quality, and piezoelectric properties of <001>C textured (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO3 - xPbTiO3 ceramics

Abstract

This paper describes the link between texture quality and electromechanical properties for <001>C textured, 0.03(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 - 0.97[0.715Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO3 - 0.285PbTiO3] (0.03NBT-0.97[PMN-28.5PT]) ceramics with and without Mn-doping. Here, the subscript C denotes pseudocubic indices. Textured ceramics were prepared by templated grain growth of PMN-25PT on platelet-shaped 0.4(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-0.6PbTiO3 (NBT-0.6PT) templates. Texture fractions of f = 0.92 (for undoped (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT)) and f = 0.49 (for Mn-doped PMN-PT) were determined by fitting 002C XRD pole figures to the March-Dollase model, which was modified to account for symmetry-related 200C and 020C reflections. Using resonance methods, the elastic constants cij, sij, piezoelectric constants dij, eij, gij, hij, dielectric constants ɛij, and coupling coefficients kij of textured PMN-PT ceramics were characterized. It was found that the properties of textured PMN-PT approach the single crystal values along the texture axis (<001>C, also the poling axis), but not in transverse directions. In particular, the elastic compliance sE11 (perpendicular to <001>C) approaches an average of the single crystal sE11 and sE11(45°) coefficients, resulting in anomalous -sE12/sE11 ratios of − 0.01 and 0.04 in pure and Mn-doped textured PMN-PT, respectively. The 33-mode properties as measured by resonance-antiresonance methods were d33 = 852 pC/N, k33 = 0.83, ε33 = 3500, and mechanical quality factor Qm = 94 for undoped textured ceramics and d33 = 515, k33 = 0.76, ε33 = 2200, and Qm = 714 for Mn-doped textured ceramics.