Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus is an important public health problem; about 40 million people around the world are actually infected with HIV type 1 virus. Furthermore, prolonged survival of patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy has given rise to a new demand from SDC couples who wish to have children. HIV serodiscordant couples with the male infected wish to make use of assisted reproduction techniques in combination with semen washing in order to decrease the risk of transmission to the partner or to the newborn. Thus it is essential to test the effectiveness of techniques aimed at reducing HIV and HCV loads in infected semen using molecular biology tests. Nevertheless, its efficiency is not absolute, and it remains unclear if the efficacy of sperm wash depends on the viral load of the ejaculate, in the laboratory handling or both. Our aim with this chapter is to compile the available information about sperm washes and assisted reproduction treatments with sperm samples obtained from serodiscordant males for HIV to describe the current possibilities of these males.
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