Abstract
In this paper, ground tire rubber was modified with dicumyl peroxide and a variable content (in the range of 0–15 phr) of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers characterized by different vinyl acetate contents (in the range of 18–39 wt.%). Modification of ground tire rubber was performed via an auto-thermal extrusion process in which heat was generated during internal shearing of the material inside the extruder barrel. The processing, performance properties, and storage stability of modified reclaimed ground tire rubber were evaluated based on specific mechanical energy, infrared camera images, an oscillating disc rheometer, tensile tests, equilibrium swelling, gas chromatography combined with a flame ionization detector, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. It was found that the developed formulas of modified GTR allowed the preparation of materials characterized by tensile strengths in the range of 2.6–9.3 MPa and elongation at break in the range of 78–225%. Moreover, the prepared materials showed good storage stability for at least three months and satisfied processability with commercial rubbers (natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber).
Highlights
According to ASTM D 1566, entitled “Standard terminology relating to rubber”, the term reclaimed rubber is defined as “vulcanized rubber that has been thermally, mechanically, and/or chemically plasticized for use as a rubber diluent, extender, or processing aid”
It was observed that at a higher content of thermoplastic modifier, the ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer acted like binder or plasticizer, which affected the final temperature of the material formulated in the solid profiles
The efficiency of ground tire rubber (GTR) modification in the presence of dicumyl peroxide and EVA copolymer was analyzed as a function of EVA content (0–15 phr) and EVA grade (VA content: 18–39%)
Summary
According to ASTM D 1566, entitled “Standard terminology relating to rubber”, the term reclaimed rubber is defined as “vulcanized rubber that has been thermally, mechanically, and/or chemically plasticized for use as a rubber diluent, extender, or processing aid”. Standard ASTM D1566 does not define devulcanization or devulcanized rubber. The term devulcanization is defined in the ASTM D 6814 standard, entitled “Standard test method for determination of percent devulcanization of crumb rubber based on crosslink density”. According to this definition, devulcanization is the process of breaking down chemical cross-links in cured rubber
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