Processing of Waste from Enrichment with the Production of Cement Clinker and the Extraction of Zinc.

Alexandr Kolesnikov,Roman Fediuk,Olga Kolesnikova,Aizhan Shal,Nurgali Zhanikulov,Bibol Zhakipbayev,Elmira Akhmetova,Rasim Kuraev

doi:10.3390/ma15010324

Abstract

This paper presents studies on the processing of enrichment tailings as a component of a raw mixture in order to obtain cement clinker, with simultaneous distillation of zinc. Thermodynamic studies were carried out in the temperature range of 600–1600 °C using the software application “HSC Chemistry 6” developed by the metallurgical company Outokumpu (Finland). As a result of the conducted studies, we found that zinc contributes to the intensification of mineral formation of cement clinker. In particular, it was found that the formation of belite is possible in the temperature range from 990.7 to 1500 °C with Gibbs energy values of −0.01 and −323.8 kJ (which is better than the standard process by −11.4 kJ), respectively; the formation of alite is possible in the temperature range from 982.9 to 1500 °C with Gibbs energy values of −0.05 and −402.1 kJ (better than the standard process by −11.4 kJ), respectively; the formation of tricalcium aluminate is thermodynamically possible in the temperature range from 600 °C at ΔGTo = −893.8 kJ to 1500 °C at ΔGTo = −1899.3 kJ (better than the standard process by −1570.1 kJ), respectively; and the formation of four calcium aluminoferrite is possible in the temperature range from 600 °C at ΔGTo = −898.9 kJ to 1500 °C at ΔGTo = −1959.3 kJ (better than the standard process by −1570.2 kJ), respectively, with simultaneous distillation of zinc into a gaseous state for its further capture.

Highlights

The mining and metallurgical industry is the leading sector of the Kazakh economy, accounting for 15.2% of the total industrial production
It is obvious that the modern world, as before, continues to need resources, which in the future will have a separate place in the development of the world global economy and the economy of Kazakhstan [3,4]
To calculate the thermodynamic functions characterizing an individual substance, we used the standard values of enthalpy H298; entropy S298; and polynomial coefficients A, B, C, and D stored in the database, from which the molar heat capacity was calculated at an arbitrarily specified temperature T in accordance with Equation (1)

Summary

Introduction

The mining and metallurgical industry is the leading sector of the Kazakh economy, accounting for 15.2% of the total industrial production. At the same time, it is necessary to critically rethink the organization of the raw material industries, namely, to revise the approaches to the management of natural resources. It is necessary to actively introduce integrated information technology platforms for natural and artificial raw materials, as well as to significantly increase the requirements for energy efficiency and resource conservation of industrial enterprises of the chemical, energy, mining, and metallurgical industries, alongside their environmental friendliness and efficiency [1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion