Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice-Energy and Nutrient Digestibility.

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe processing of feed items has an impact on their nutritive properties, e.g., differences in the degree of starch gelatinization between pelleted and extruded diets are apparent. In many species, including humans, it is known that this influences the digestion process on enzymatic and microbial levels, and thus the animals´ ability to utilize the diet. Laboratory animal diets are often marketed as identical products, e.g., a standard maintenance diet, which can be purchased in pelleted or extruded form. The hypothesis that there are differences in energy and nutrient digestibility among such products, even though they are claimed to be the same diet, was investigated. The results of the digestibility trials confirm the hypothesis. Additionally, they show that even among batches of the same laboratory rodent diet in the same form, standardization is not always achieved.Starch gelatinization is a major determinant of carbohydrate digestibility and varies with diet processing. Laboratory rodent diets are often marketed as identical, but are sold in different forms, regardless of the markedly higher starch gelatinization in extruded than in pelleted diets. Our hypothesis was that this would impact energy and nutrient digestibility in mice fed pellets or extrudate, respectively. Trial 1 showed that feeding C57BL/6 mice a standard maintenance diet in extruded form results in a significantly higher digestibility of organic matter, energy, and carbohydrates than the identical diet in pelleted form. The replication of the experiment, however, revealed a variation between batches of the same pelleted diet regarding starch and total dietary fiber contents. Given the significant differences in diet digestibility and the potential impacts of digestibility on nutrient utilization, the intestinal microbiome, and intermediary metabolism, trials performed with differently processed diets are not comparable. This might partly explain failures to reproduce results, especially in gastrointestinal or microbiome research. Considering this impact on experimental animals, the degree of starch gelatinization should be declared in the diet information for laboratory animal diets. The differences between batches of laboratory animal diets as observed in the pellets are not acceptable.