Abstract
The knowledge of the exact position and orientation of a sensor with respect to a source (distribution) is essential for the correct solution of inverse problems. Especially when measuring with magnetic field sensors, the positions and orientations of the sensors are not always fixed during measurements. In this study, we present a processing chain for the localization of magnetic field sensors in real time. This includes preprocessing steps, such as equalizing and matched filtering, an iterative localization approach, and postprocessing steps for smoothing the localization outcomes over time. We show the efficiency of this localization pipeline using an exchange bias magnetoelectric sensor. For the proof of principle, the potential of the proposed algorithm performing the localization in the two-dimensional space is investigated. Nevertheless, the algorithm can be easily extended to the three-dimensional space. Using the proposed pipeline, we achieve average localization errors between 1.12 cm and 6.90 cm in a localization area of size .
Highlights
Processing Chain for Localization ofFor the correct solution of inverse problems, such as source reconstruction of biomedical sources, it is essential to know the exact position and orientation of the measuring sensors with respect to the source besides measuring the biomedical signals
Magnetic localization approaches are used to determine the position of the subject relative to the sensor array in biomagnetic measurements
For the proof of principle, the measurements were performed in a two-dimensional space, i.e., only considering the x and y components of the sensor position and only considering the angle yaw ψ for the orientation of the sensor
Summary
For the correct solution of inverse problems, such as source reconstruction of biomedical sources, it is essential to know the exact position and orientation of the measuring sensors with respect to the source besides measuring the biomedical signals. Magnetic localization approaches are used to determine the position of the subject relative to the sensor array in biomagnetic measurements. A procedure for determining the subject relative to the measuring sensor array, either once at the beginning or simultaneously with the measurement, was presented in [7]. Mainly SQUIDs (Super Conducting Quantum Interference Devices) [8] and recently OPMs (Optically Pumped Magnetometers) [9,10] are used for the measurement of biomagnetic signals These sensors require a magnetically well shielded environment and are inconvenient in operation. By adapting the coil excitation signals the method can be used for arbitrary magnetic field sensors
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