Abstract
In the present study, yttria (alloy B) and lanthana (alloy C) based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) duplex stainless steels (Fe–21Cr–8Ni–1Ti) have been synthesized using mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). For comparison, duplex steel without dispersion (alloy A) has also been synthesized. The variation of sintering temperature (900, 1000 and 1050 °C) on the density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the steels have been reported. The austenite phase fraction increased with the sintering temperature as well as by the addition of oxides. TEM analysis confirmed the presence of nano-clusters (size in the range of 2–8 nm) of Y–Ti–Cr–O and La–Ti–Cr–O in the alloy B and alloy C, respectively. Alloy C, sintered at 1000 °C, exhibited the highest micro-hardness and compressive strength of 739 ± 9.1 HV and 2835 ± 87 MPa, respectively. At all sintering temperatures, the lower hardness values of the alloy B as compared to alloy A were ascribed to the significantly higher austenite phase fraction in the former, which resulted in overcoming the dispersion strengthening effect. Overall, La2O3-based ODS duplex stainless steels exhibited the better room temperature mechanical properties than Y2O3-based ODS steels.
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