Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of the current research was to study the effect of canola meal processing methods on the traits of egg, fertility, cecal microbial population, and the carcass of broiler breeder hens. Canola meal was processed by fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis methods, then was fed to the hens. Four hundred and fifty broiler breeder hens of Ross strain weighing 3300±150 g (40 weeks) were used for 12 weeks. A completely randomized design was used with 6 treatments (unprocessed, processed by Lactobacillus Plantarum, Bacillus Subtilis, Aspergillus Oryzae, Neurospora Sitophila, and Alcalase enzyme) and 5 replications. Fifteen hens were included in each pen. The data collected were analyzed using the LSmeans procedure of SAS software. The treatment effect was significant on the fertility hatchability (p<0.05). The highest fertility hatchability was observed in the processing method by Neurospora Sitophila fungi (85%). Experimental treatments had significant effects on the germs and pH of the caecum (p<0.05). The use of processing methods reduced the population of salmonella and coliforms and increased the population of lactobacillus in the caecum. Most of the population of salmonella, lactobacillus, and coliforms of the caecum was observed in the treatments of unprocessed, Bacillus Subtilis bacteria, and unprocessed, respectively. The effect of the experimental treatment had significant effect on abdominal fat (p<0.05). Processing methods of canola caused the reduction of abdominal fat. The highest decrease in abdominal fat was observed in the treatment that processed Aspergillus Oryzae fungi (1.89%). Processing of canola meal improved its digestibility and reduced its anti-nutritional factors.
Highlights
Canola is scientifically named Brassica Napus from the family Brassicaceae Cruciferae
Fermentation processing was done by 2 bacteria strains named Lactobacillus Plantarum and Bacillus Subtilis, and 2 fungi strains named Aspergillus Oryzae and Neurospora Sitophila
The highest fertility hatchability was observed in the processing method with Neurospora Sitophila fungi (85%)
Summary
Canola is scientifically named Brassica Napus from the family Brassicaceae Cruciferae. Canola meal is the most important plant protein product after soybean meal. Canola is derived from the rapeseed breeding by reducing the glucosinolate amount (Recoules et al, 2019). The amount of erucic acid in canola oil is less than 2% and the amount of glucosinolate in its meal is less than 30 μmol / g (Zeb, 1998). The major anti-nutrient components of canola are phytate, glucosinolate, and tannin. High consumption of glucosinolates in broiler chickens reduces feed intake, decreases growth rate, hyperthyroidism, decreases thyroid hormone levels, enlarges liver, kidney and thyroid gland, and changes liver activity, and increases mortality (McNeill et al, 2004; Kermanshahi & Abbasi Pour, 2006)
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