Abstract
Natural graphite, a locally available, eco-friendly, and low-cost carbonaceous source, can be easily transformed into exfoliated graphite (EG) with many surface functional groups via a chemical oxidation route. Combination between EG and magnetic MnFe2O4 is a promising strategy to create a hybrid kind of nanocomposite (EG@MnFe2O4) for the efficient adsorptive removal of Congo red (CR) dye from water. Here, we reported the facile synthesis and characterization of chemical bonds of EG@MnFe2O4 using several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, the quantity method by Boehm titration was employed to identify the content of functional groups: Carboxylic acid (0.044 mmol/g), phenol (0.032 mmol/g), lactone (0.020 mmol/g), and total base (0.0156 mmol/g) on the surface of EG@MnFe2O4. Through the response surface methodology-optimized models, we found a clear difference in the adsorption capacity between EG-decorated MnFe2O4 (62.0 mg/g) and MnFe2O4 without EG decoration (11.1 mg/g). This result was also interpreted via a proposed mechanism to elucidate the contribution of surface functional groups of EG@MnFe2O4 to adsorption efficiency towards CR dye.
Highlights
IntroductionOver the the past past decades, decades, numerous and applied inOver numerous synthetic syntheticdyes dyeshave havebeen beendiscovered, discovered,developed, developed, and applied industrial fields, such as textile, paper, pharmaceuticals, and food [1].It is understandable that the in industrial fields, such as textile, paper, pharmaceuticals, and food [1]
exfoliated graphene (EG)@MnFe2 O4 and MnFe2 O4 were used as adsorbents to compare their adsorption capacity towards Congo red (CR) dyes
After the adsorption experiments had been finished, the adsorbent was separated from aqueous solution using a simple magnet and remaining concentration was measured by the UV–VIS spectrophotometer at 500 nm
Summary
Over numerous synthetic syntheticdyes dyeshave havebeen beendiscovered, discovered,developed, developed, and applied industrial fields, such as textile, paper, pharmaceuticals, and food [1]. It is understandable that the in industrial fields, such as textile, paper, pharmaceuticals, and food [1]. It is understandable that the increasing consumption consumption of of dyes dyes can can result result in in aa vast vast volume volume of of pollutants. CR molecules are likely to and imines (Figure 1) [3]. These CR molecules are likely to react/combine with with functional functionalgroups groupson on the the surface surfaceof ofother othermolecular molecularsystems systemsin inthe thebody, body, raising raising react/combine potential risks of genetic mutation (GM). Treatment of persistent and non-degradable potential risks of genetic mutation (GM) [4,5].
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