Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages generally occured in the same gestation period. It affects about 1%-5% of females at childbearing ages. Except for multiple causes for RSA been identified, such as chromosome abnormalities, maternal genital malformation, endocrine dysfunction, reproductive tract infections, thrombophilia, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG), there are still 80% of risk factors related to immunology. Recently, RSA has been classified into two categories: autoimmune and alloimmune. Some autoantibodies may lead to pregnancy loss by targeting at vascular endothelial cells, trophoblastic cells and preimplantation embryos while alloimmune RSA may associate with the imbalance of immune interactions at the maternal-fetal interface. This article reviewed the two types of RSA respectively on the basis of immunological pathogenesis. Key words: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); Immune factors; Etiology; Diagnose
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