Abstract
The present article deals with the urbanization process in the Paraíba do Sul river basin, covering social occupation under consideration of the legal provisions for areas surrounding water resources. The study has the purpose of assessing the Environment Preservation Area, called APA Banhado, in the city of São José dos Campos, a municipality belonging to the Metropolitan Region of the Paraíba Valley and the Northern Sea Shore (RMVPLN) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The research carried out made use of materials and information collected from aerial images obtained from remote sensing databases maintained by public offices, and the provisions of the APA Banhado implementation law. In order to extract information from satellite images, the methodology proposed by Moreira (2011) was applied, which suggests an automatic software classification in the Geographical Information Systems (SIG), with visual interpretation. The maps generated from the classification of the APA Banhado were based on reference data from the years of 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The results revealed conflicts between the environmental legislation and the land use, which prompted the possibility of generating basic data capable of incorporation into public planning policies and the preserved area environmental management, including a revision of concepts under the environmental preservation, as a future safety water reserve for the metropolitan region of the Paraíba Valley – SP.
Highlights
The state of São Paulo had in the last years a population growth of 4.6 million inhabitants (IBGE, 2019)
According to the Florestal Foundation (SÃO PAULO, 2016), the Banhado a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) was implemented with the purpose of protecting the Paraíba do Sul river flood plains, in the Metropolitan Region of the Paraíba Valley and the Northern Sea Shore - SP
The Paraíba do Sul flood plains can be identified in blue, between the municipalities of Jacareí and Guaratinguetá; in the area highlighted in yellow is the APA limited by the three perimeters: I, II and III, according to state Law n. 11.262/02
Summary
The state of São Paulo had in the last years a population growth of 4.6 million inhabitants (IBGE, 2019). Subject to the same trend, the Metropolitan Region of the Paraíba Valley and the Northern Sea Shore (RMPVLN), with a an approximate population of 2.3 million inhabitants, corresponding to 5.5% of the state of São Paulo, have grown in the same proportion, mainly in high-density municipalities, as the cities of São José dos Campos, Jacareí, Taubaté and Caraguatatuba. The São José dos Campos municipality, headquarters of RMPVLN, had 629,900 inhabitants in the year 2000, with a population growth of approximately 713,000 in 2019, an average growth of 9,000 inhabitants per year. As a result of this growth, according to the Regional Development Ministry (2019), the city presents a total housing shortage in the order of 21,000 homes, this data is based on studies on the updated housing shortage of the state of São Paulo prepared by the Foundation of the State’s Data Analysis System - SEADE (São Paulo, 2019).
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