Abstract

Upsala läkareförening (The Upsala Medical Society) was founded in 1832 on the initiative of Professor Israel Hwasser, who was the chairman of the society until his death in 1860. The aims of the society were to promote medical science and create an atmosphere of friendship and collegiality among members of the faculty of medicine, medical students, andmedical practitioners. An important function was the library of foreign books and journals that the society brought together. At regular meetings, a student was elected for each occasion as a vice chairman, and he would read a paper about a topic of interest, such as a case of a disease, or report on an article from the medical literature. During the first 30 years, no minutes from these lectures were kept, but during the early 1860s short records of the content of these lectures were written. The first lecture relating to own research was given in 1864 by the young medical student Olof Hammarsten, later a famous professor of medical and physiological chemistry. The theme for his discourse was bile acids, a subject for which he was to become world famous.

Highlights

  • Upsala läkareförening (The Upsala Medical Society) was founded in 1832 on the initiative of Professor Israel Hwasser, who was the chairman of the society until his death in 1860

  • The first lecture relating to own research was given in 1864 by the young medical student Olof Hammarsten, later a famous professor of medical and physiological chemistry

  • Justus von Liebig responded to Almén’s criticism in a letter to The Lancet, which Almén commented upon in Proceedings of Upsala Medical Society, but he concluded in his article: ‘Mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur’, which means: ‘The world wants to be deceived, so let it be deceived’ (11)

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Summary

Pharmaceutical frauds

In times when safety regulations of pharmaceutical preparations were still rudimentary, many authors warned colleagues in Proceedings of Upsala Medical Society about falsifications. Justus von Liebig was regarded as one of the great chemists of the nineteenth century, in agricultural chemistry where he had identified nitrogen as essential to plant life. He established the first laboratory-based school of chemistry at the University of Giessen ( named Justus Liebig University Giessen). Almén condemned the company for duping consumers in its advertising, the claim that 34 pounds of meat were used to make a single pound of extract. Such advertising, he argued, misled poor people into thinking they were consuming 34 pounds’ worth of beef nutrients with each jar. Justus von Liebig responded to Almén’s criticism in a letter to The Lancet, which Almén commented upon in Proceedings of Upsala Medical Society, but he concluded in his article: ‘Mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur’, which means: ‘The world wants to be deceived, so let it be deceived’ (11)

Surgery and obstetrics
Findings
Blood transfusions

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