Abstract
Introduction: Recent research has shown the advantages of combining electroencephalography (EEG) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (tES) into a closed-loop system and that slow excitability changes [1,2] in the oscillating neuronal network (particularly from the sensorimotor rhythms (SMR)) can explain the response variability to an external stimulation. Moreover, application of TMS pulses during SMR event- related desynchronization (ERD) in the beta range, has shown to significantly increase the corticospinal excitability [3]. Therefore, we reason that a closed-loop system combining tES and EEG during SMR-ERD is a relevant tool to study plasticity- induced tES protocols for motor rehabilitation. In this proof of principle study, we investigated the implementation and online artefact correction algorithms [4,5] of such a closed-loop apparatus by pairing EEG and tES during SMR-ERD.
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