Problèmes d'isolation acoustique dans la construction industrialisée d'habitations

Abstract

The technical progress achieved in the construction of housing accomodation, as well as the economic conditions prevailing in Poland, have impelled builders and economists to reduce the weight per cubic metre of buildings, notably by cutting down the weight of party walls. Nevertheless, certain limits must be adhered to in this respect. They are governed by the utilitarian qualities of the housing and, inter alia the minimal protection that can be provided for living accomodation under the Polish standard specification currently in force PN-63/B-02151. Among the essential factors contributing to this protection are the party walls, which should insulate living-rooms from airborne and impact noises. The report deals with acoustic problems encountered when carrying out studies and building partly walls between flats (especially in reinforced concrete) and exterior party walls for housing accommodation. In addition, the author examines the influence of the physical properties of materials as well as that of party wall construction and the care taken in building on the acoustic qualities of party walls. Various types of living accommodation built with prefabricated reinforced concrete sections are described and evaluated from the point of view of acoustics, with regard to the extent to which they conform to the current standard specification. The author bases his report on the results of acoustics experiments carried out during the last few years by the Acoustic Laboratory of the Technical Institute of Building, notably with reinforced and unreinforced concrete party walls and frontage walls. He cites the principles governing the dimensions of party walls and outside walls in housing accommodation so that they provide the best possible sound insulation, as well as dealing with the acoustic properties of double and composite walls and with the possibilities offered by using new light-weight building materials in the construction of walls. One part of the report deals with the acoustic study of floors, particularly concrete floors poured on site in one slab, floors with air spaces, reinforced concrete floors in one slab but incorporating cellular concrete sections, and light double floors. At the end of his study, the author presents: (a) an appreciation of the acoustic qualities of certain types of building erected in Poland, where prefabricated sections have been used, (b) the imperative requirements with which partly walls must conform in buildings using prefabricated sections in reinforced concrete, in order to comply with standard specification PN-63/B-02151, (c) the lines to be followed (from the point of view of sound insulation) in research into new and constructive solutions to the problems of interior and exterior party walls.